| CHOONG-MOO Movements - 30 Ready Posture - PARALLEL READY STANCE PATTERN MEANING CHOONG-MOO was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon-Sin of the Lee Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day submarine. The reason why this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king. |
Nangjung Ilgi
| CHOONG MOO MEDIA CENTER |
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Inside the Kobuckson
| CHOONG-MOO |
In Korean history, which spans over five millennia, there have been many national heroes,
but none compares to Yi Sun-sin who saved Choson Korea from the brink of collapse during
the Japanese invasion of 1592. He is still dearly cherished in the hearts of Koreans today. In
a nationwide survey conducted by Soonchunhyang University in April 2005, Yi Sun-sin was
chosen as the greatest figure in Korean history by 43.8% of the vote (The Chosun Daily,
April 15, 2005).
It is, therefore, very regrettable that Yi’s noble life and the marvelous deeds he performed for
his country and people are not well-known outside of Korea. Admiral Yi achieved a battle
record that no one in history has ever matched. Genghis Khan lost two battles out of the
twenty that he fought, Napoleon Bonaparte four battles out of twenty three, Emperor
Frederick four battles out of twelve, and Hannibal one battle out of five. Yet in all of the
twenty three battles that he fought at sea, Admiral Yi was never once defeated. Overcoming
formidable odds in terms of numbers of ships and troops, he led his navy to victory in every
engagement he fought during seven years of war with the Japanese, losing in total only two
ships of his own.
In his book, The Influence of Sea on the Political History of Japan, George Alexander Ballard,
(1862-1948), a vice-admiral of the British Royal Navy, summarized Yi’s life and victories as
follows.
It is always difficult for Englishmen to admit that Nelson ever had an equal in his profession,
but if any man is entitled to be so regarded, it should be this great naval commander of
Asiatic race who never knew defeat and died in the presence of the enemy; of whose
movements a track-chart might be compiled from the wrecks of hundreds of Japanese ships
lying with their valiant crews at the bottom of the sea, off the coasts of the Korean
peninsula...and it seems, in truth, no exaggeration to assert that from first to last he never
made a mistake, for his work was so complete under each variety of circumstances as to
defy criticism... His whole career might be summarized by saying that, although he had no
lessons from past history to serve as a guide, he waged war on the sea as it should be
waged if it is to produce definite results, and ended by making the supreme sacrifice of a
defender of his country. (p. 66–67)
The following is an extract from a paper published by the Japanese Institute of Korean
Studies (日本朝鮮硏究所).
Togo returned from the victorious Battle of Tsushima(1905) in which he had defeated the
Russian Baltic Fleet, at that time the world’s most powerful naval force. He had been instated
as Admiral of the Japanese Navy, and at a celebratory gathering, a member of the company
exclaimed, “Your great victory is so remarkable that it deserves an everlasting place in
history. You can be regarded the equal of Admiral Nelson, who defeated Napoleon in the
Battle of Trafalgar; you are indeed a god of war.” To this Admiral Togo replied “I appreciate
your compliment. But,...if there ever were an Admiral worthy of the name of ‘god of war’, that
one is Yi Sun-sin. Next to him, I am little more than a petty officer.”
Japanese scholar Hujizka Akinao mentions in his essay In Admiration of Admiral Yi Sun-sin
(“Kyung Hee” Vol. 8. 1977) that Togo regarded Yi as his master, and held a ceremony for him
before the Battle of Tsushima (it is a Japanese custom to hold a ceremony for ancestors or
historically significant figures before important occasions). Few of the world’s great war
heroes have been able to avoid criticism and censure, least of all from those they fought
against, enduring such taunts as ‘brutal oppressors’ or ‘starving wolves’. Admiral Yi, in
contrast, has been held as an object of admiration and reverence even among the Japanese,
whose minds were swayed by his pure and absolute loyalty to his country and people, his
brilliant use of strategy and tactics which led invariably to victory, his invincible courage that
overcame every adverse circumstance, and his unbending integrity. This admiration is
apparent in the many speeches and writings by Japanese military officers and historians
which speak of Admiral Yi, and following are some examples.
Throughout history there have been few generals accomplished at the tactics of frontal
attack, sudden attack, concentration and dilation. Napoleon, who mastered the art of
conquering the part with the whole, can be held to have been such a general, and among
admirals, two further tactical geniuses may be named: in the East, Yi Sun-sin of Korea, and
in the West, Horatio Nelson of England. Undoubtedly, Yi is a supreme naval commander
even on the basis of the limited literature of the Seven Years War, and despite the fact that
his bravery and brilliance are not known to the West, since he had the misfortune to be born
in Choson. Anyone who can be compared to Yi should be better than Michiel de Ruyter from
Netherlands. Nelson is far behind Yi in terms of personal character and integrity. Yi was the
inventor of the iron-clad warship known as the Turtle Ship (Geobukseon). He was a truly
great commander and a master of the naval tactics of three hundred years ago.
- Sato Destaro (1866-1942), a vice-admiral of the Japanese Navy,
A Military History of the Emperor, p. 399.
Yi Sun-sin is a famous Korean general who defeated the Japanese in every one of the battles
at sea when Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s troops invaded Choson Korea. He was unique among
Choson civil and military officers for his honesty and incorruptibility, and in terms of
leadership and tactics, as well as loyalty and courage, he was an ideal commander almost
like a miracle. He was a renowned admiral before the time of Nelson, and has never yet had
an equal in world history. Although the existence of this figure grew to be almost forgotten in
Korea, the admiration of his memory was handed down in Japan through generations so
that his tactics and accomplishments were researched and subjected to close study when
the Japanese Navy was established during the Meiji period.
- Siba Ryotaro, “Clouds over the hill” , Sankei Newspaper, March 27, 1972.
Of Admiral Yi’s twenty-three sea battles, the most crucial were the Battle of Hansan and
Battle of Myongnyang. In the Battle of Hansan, considered as among the greatest naval
engagements in history, Yi, by means of his famous ‘Crane Wing’ formation, achieved a great
victory by sinking and capturing fifty-nine of the seventy-three Japanese ships which
opposed him, thereby frustrating Hideyoshi’s plan of advancing along the coast. The Battle
of Myongnyang, in which he defeated 130 enemy ships with 13 ships his own, is regarded
among maritime historians as nothing less than a miracle.
Yi is often compared with Admiral Nelson and Admiral Togo. All three men were heroes who
fought for the destiny of their countries and saved their countrymen from foreign invasion
by the securing of key naval victories. However, the circumstances of Nelson’s Battle at
Trafalgar and of Togo’s Battle at Tsushima differ strikingly from those of the Battle of
Myongnyang fought by Admiral Yi.
At the Battle of Trafalgar, England, a nation traditionally strong on the sea, was facing an
enemy who was at that time inexperienced in naval warfare, and who commanded a fleet not
much larger than her own (27 English ships against 33 French and Spanish ships). In the
case of the Battle of Tsushima, also, the Japanese navy had the upper hand in many
respects. The Russian crews of the Baltic fleet which opposed them were exhausted after a
seven-month voyage which had taken them halfway round the world; the Arctic-born
Russian crews had suffered greatly from outbreaks of disease as they sailed through the
equator area. Taking this into account, it is of little surprise that an intensively trained
Japanese Navy, in high morale and fighting near the mainland of Japan, emerged victorious
over the dispirited Russian forces.
but none compares to Yi Sun-sin who saved Choson Korea from the brink of collapse during
the Japanese invasion of 1592. He is still dearly cherished in the hearts of Koreans today. In
a nationwide survey conducted by Soonchunhyang University in April 2005, Yi Sun-sin was
chosen as the greatest figure in Korean history by 43.8% of the vote (The Chosun Daily,
April 15, 2005).
It is, therefore, very regrettable that Yi’s noble life and the marvelous deeds he performed for
his country and people are not well-known outside of Korea. Admiral Yi achieved a battle
record that no one in history has ever matched. Genghis Khan lost two battles out of the
twenty that he fought, Napoleon Bonaparte four battles out of twenty three, Emperor
Frederick four battles out of twelve, and Hannibal one battle out of five. Yet in all of the
twenty three battles that he fought at sea, Admiral Yi was never once defeated. Overcoming
formidable odds in terms of numbers of ships and troops, he led his navy to victory in every
engagement he fought during seven years of war with the Japanese, losing in total only two
ships of his own.
In his book, The Influence of Sea on the Political History of Japan, George Alexander Ballard,
(1862-1948), a vice-admiral of the British Royal Navy, summarized Yi’s life and victories as
follows.
It is always difficult for Englishmen to admit that Nelson ever had an equal in his profession,
but if any man is entitled to be so regarded, it should be this great naval commander of
Asiatic race who never knew defeat and died in the presence of the enemy; of whose
movements a track-chart might be compiled from the wrecks of hundreds of Japanese ships
lying with their valiant crews at the bottom of the sea, off the coasts of the Korean
peninsula...and it seems, in truth, no exaggeration to assert that from first to last he never
made a mistake, for his work was so complete under each variety of circumstances as to
defy criticism... His whole career might be summarized by saying that, although he had no
lessons from past history to serve as a guide, he waged war on the sea as it should be
waged if it is to produce definite results, and ended by making the supreme sacrifice of a
defender of his country. (p. 66–67)
The following is an extract from a paper published by the Japanese Institute of Korean
Studies (日本朝鮮硏究所).
Togo returned from the victorious Battle of Tsushima(1905) in which he had defeated the
Russian Baltic Fleet, at that time the world’s most powerful naval force. He had been instated
as Admiral of the Japanese Navy, and at a celebratory gathering, a member of the company
exclaimed, “Your great victory is so remarkable that it deserves an everlasting place in
history. You can be regarded the equal of Admiral Nelson, who defeated Napoleon in the
Battle of Trafalgar; you are indeed a god of war.” To this Admiral Togo replied “I appreciate
your compliment. But,...if there ever were an Admiral worthy of the name of ‘god of war’, that
one is Yi Sun-sin. Next to him, I am little more than a petty officer.”
Japanese scholar Hujizka Akinao mentions in his essay In Admiration of Admiral Yi Sun-sin
(“Kyung Hee” Vol. 8. 1977) that Togo regarded Yi as his master, and held a ceremony for him
before the Battle of Tsushima (it is a Japanese custom to hold a ceremony for ancestors or
historically significant figures before important occasions). Few of the world’s great war
heroes have been able to avoid criticism and censure, least of all from those they fought
against, enduring such taunts as ‘brutal oppressors’ or ‘starving wolves’. Admiral Yi, in
contrast, has been held as an object of admiration and reverence even among the Japanese,
whose minds were swayed by his pure and absolute loyalty to his country and people, his
brilliant use of strategy and tactics which led invariably to victory, his invincible courage that
overcame every adverse circumstance, and his unbending integrity. This admiration is
apparent in the many speeches and writings by Japanese military officers and historians
which speak of Admiral Yi, and following are some examples.
Throughout history there have been few generals accomplished at the tactics of frontal
attack, sudden attack, concentration and dilation. Napoleon, who mastered the art of
conquering the part with the whole, can be held to have been such a general, and among
admirals, two further tactical geniuses may be named: in the East, Yi Sun-sin of Korea, and
in the West, Horatio Nelson of England. Undoubtedly, Yi is a supreme naval commander
even on the basis of the limited literature of the Seven Years War, and despite the fact that
his bravery and brilliance are not known to the West, since he had the misfortune to be born
in Choson. Anyone who can be compared to Yi should be better than Michiel de Ruyter from
Netherlands. Nelson is far behind Yi in terms of personal character and integrity. Yi was the
inventor of the iron-clad warship known as the Turtle Ship (Geobukseon). He was a truly
great commander and a master of the naval tactics of three hundred years ago.
- Sato Destaro (1866-1942), a vice-admiral of the Japanese Navy,
A Military History of the Emperor, p. 399.
Yi Sun-sin is a famous Korean general who defeated the Japanese in every one of the battles
at sea when Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s troops invaded Choson Korea. He was unique among
Choson civil and military officers for his honesty and incorruptibility, and in terms of
leadership and tactics, as well as loyalty and courage, he was an ideal commander almost
like a miracle. He was a renowned admiral before the time of Nelson, and has never yet had
an equal in world history. Although the existence of this figure grew to be almost forgotten in
Korea, the admiration of his memory was handed down in Japan through generations so
that his tactics and accomplishments were researched and subjected to close study when
the Japanese Navy was established during the Meiji period.
- Siba Ryotaro, “Clouds over the hill” , Sankei Newspaper, March 27, 1972.
Of Admiral Yi’s twenty-three sea battles, the most crucial were the Battle of Hansan and
Battle of Myongnyang. In the Battle of Hansan, considered as among the greatest naval
engagements in history, Yi, by means of his famous ‘Crane Wing’ formation, achieved a great
victory by sinking and capturing fifty-nine of the seventy-three Japanese ships which
opposed him, thereby frustrating Hideyoshi’s plan of advancing along the coast. The Battle
of Myongnyang, in which he defeated 130 enemy ships with 13 ships his own, is regarded
among maritime historians as nothing less than a miracle.
Yi is often compared with Admiral Nelson and Admiral Togo. All three men were heroes who
fought for the destiny of their countries and saved their countrymen from foreign invasion
by the securing of key naval victories. However, the circumstances of Nelson’s Battle at
Trafalgar and of Togo’s Battle at Tsushima differ strikingly from those of the Battle of
Myongnyang fought by Admiral Yi.
At the Battle of Trafalgar, England, a nation traditionally strong on the sea, was facing an
enemy who was at that time inexperienced in naval warfare, and who commanded a fleet not
much larger than her own (27 English ships against 33 French and Spanish ships). In the
case of the Battle of Tsushima, also, the Japanese navy had the upper hand in many
respects. The Russian crews of the Baltic fleet which opposed them were exhausted after a
seven-month voyage which had taken them halfway round the world; the Arctic-born
Russian crews had suffered greatly from outbreaks of disease as they sailed through the
equator area. Taking this into account, it is of little surprise that an intensively trained
Japanese Navy, in high morale and fighting near the mainland of Japan, emerged victorious
over the dispirited Russian forces.
| Ready Position Parallel ready stance |
| Move the left foot to D, forming a right L stance toward D while executing a middle-guarding block to D with a knifehand |
| Move the left foot to A, forming a left walking stance toward A while executing a high thrust to A with the left flat fingertip |
| Move the right foot to A, turning clockwise to form a left L Stance toward A while executing a middle guarding block to A with a knifehand |
| Move the right foot to B, forming a right walking stance toward B while executing a high front strike to B with the right knifehand and bring the left back hand in front of the forehead |
| Move the left foot to B, forming a right L stance toward B while executing a twin knifehand block |
| Turn the face to C, forming a left bending ready stance A toward C |
| Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot |
| Lower the right foot to C, forming a right L stance toward D while executing a middle-guarding block to D with a knifehand |
| Execute a flying side piercing kick to D with the right foot soon after moving it to D and then land to D, forming a left L stance toward D while executing a middle-guarding block to D with a knifehand |
| Move the left foot to E, turning counter clockwise to form a right L stance toward E, at the same time executing a low block to E with the left forearm |
| Extend both hands upward as if to grab the opponent's head while forming a left walking stance toward E, slipping the left foot to E |
| Execute an upward kick to E with the right Knee, pulling both hands downward |
| Lower the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to F, forming a left walking stance toward F while executing a high front strike to F with the right reverse knife hand, bringing the left back hand under the right elbow joint |
| Execute a high turning kick to DF with the right foot and then lower it to the left foot |
| Execute a middle back piercing kick to F with the left foot. Perform 14 and 15 in fast motion |
| Execute a side back strike to D with the right back fist and a low block to C with the left forearm while forming a right L stance, pulling the left foot |
| Move the left foot to C, forming a left walking stance toward C, at the same time executing a low thrust to C with the right-upset fingertip |
| Lower the left foot to F, forming a left L stance toward E while executing a middle-guarding block to E with the forearm |
| Execute a middle turning kick to DE with the left foot |
| Lower the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to C, forming a right fixed stance toward C while executing a U shape block toward C |
| Jump and spin around counter clockwise, landing on the same spot to form a left L stance toward C while executing a middle-guarding block to C with a knifehand |
| Execute a middle side piercing kick to A with the left foot turning clockwise |
| Move the left foot to B, forming a left walking stance toward B while executing an upward block to B with a twin palm |
| Lower the left foot to A and then execute a checking block to B with an X knifehand while forming a left L stance toward B, pivoting with the left foot |
| Execute a middle side piercing kick to A with the right foot, turning counter clockwise and then lower it to A |
| Move the right foot to C, forming a right walking stance toward C while executing a middle thrust to C with the right straight fingertip |
| Move the left foot to B, turning counter clockwise to form a left walking stance toward B while executing a high block to B with the left double forearm |
| Move the right foot to B, forming a sitting stance toward C while executing a middle front block to C with the right forearm, and then a high side strike to B with the right back fist |
| End Bring the left foot back to ready posture |
| Execute a middle punch to A with the left fist while maintaining a right walking stance toward A |
| Move the left foot on line AB and then execute a rising block with the right forearm while forming a right walking stance toward A |